Names of the Islamic months

The Islamic months are named as follows

1.  Muharram محرّم (long form: Muḥarram ul Ḥaram)

2.  Safar صفر (long form: Ṣafar ul Muzaffar)      

3.  Rabi' al-awwal (Rabī' I) ربيع الأول

4.  Rabi' al-thani (or Rabī' al Thānī, or Rabī' al-Akhir) (Rabī' II) ربيع الآخر أو ربيع الثاني

5.  Jumada al-awwal (Jumādā I) جمادى الأول

6.  Jumada al-thani (or Jumādā al-akhir) (Jumādā II) جمادى الآخر أو جمادى الثاني

7.  Rajab رجب (long form: Rajab al Murajab)

8.  Sha'aban شعبان (long form: Sha'abān ul Moazam)

9.  Ramadan رمضان (or Ramzān, 

10. Shawwal شوّال (long form: Shawwal ul Mukarram)

11. Dhu al-Qi'dah ذو القعدة

12. Dhu al-Hijjahذو الحجة  

Names of the days of the week

The Islamic week is derived from the Jewish week, as was the medieval Christian week, all of which have numbered weekdays in common. All three coincide with the Saturday through Friday planetary week. The Islamic and Jewish weekdays begin at sunset, whereas the medieval Christian and planetary weekdays begin at the following midnight. Muslims gather for worship at a Masjid at noon on "gathering day", which corresponds to the sixth day of the Jewish and medieval Christian weeks, and to Friday of the planetary week.

1. Yaum as-sabt يوم السَّبْت (sabbath day - Saturday) (Urdu, ہفتہ) (Farsi, Shambè, شنبہ)

2. Yaum al-ahad يوم الأحد (first day - Sunday) (Urdu, اتوار) (Farsi, Yek Shambè یکشنبه)  

3. Yaum al-ithnayn يوم الإثنين (second day - Monday) (Urdu, پير) (Farsi, Do Shambè, دو شنبہ  )

4. Yaum ath-thalatha' يوم الثُّلَاثاء (third day - Tuesday) (Urdu, منگل) (Farsi, Seh Shambè, سہ شنبہ)  

5. Yaum al-arba`a' يوم الأَرْبعاء (fourth day - Wednesday) (Urdu, بدھ) (Farsi, Chahár Shambè, چهارشنبه)

6. Yaum al-khamis يوم الخَمِيس (fifth day - Thursday) (Urdu, جمعرات) (Farsi, Panj Shambè, پنجشنبه)

7. Yaum al-jum`a يوم الجُمْعَة (gathering day - Friday) (Urdu, جمعہ) (Farsi, Jom'è,   جمعہ

Important dates

Important dates in the Islamic (Hijri) year are:

1. Muharram (Islamic New Year)

10 Muharram (Day of Ashurah, commemorates the anniversary of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali), a tragic event to all Muslims, but especially important to Shia. It is also the date of when the children of Israel were delivered to Moses from Pharaoh.

12 Rabiul Awal (Milad un Nabi)

27 Rajab (Isra and Miraj)

15 Shabaan (Shab-e-Br'aat)

1 Ramadan (first day of fasting)

21 Ramadan (Imam Ali ibn abi talib's death date. He was Mohammad's groom and the father of Imam  Husayn  ibn Ali)

Last 10 days of Ramadhan which may include Laylat al-Qadr

1 Shawwal (Eid ul-Fitr)

8-10 Dhu al-Hijjah (the Hajj to Makkah

10 Dhu al-Hijjah (Eid ul-Adha).